数据备份

注意

备份还原库生产环境不可在原实例还原
备份还原表空间必须在原实例，不然会报错

还原需要关闭数据库服务

备份库

初始化备份库

bin/dminit PATH=/home/dmdba/dmdatabak/  PAGE_SIZE=16 EXTENT_SIZE=16 LOG_SIZE=2048 PORT_NUM=5237 CASE_SENSITIVE=N CHARSET=1 DB_NAME=DAMENGBAK SYSDBA_PWD="Shingi@2023" SYSAUDITOR_PWD="Shingi@2023"

• 注册service
  root 用户

/opt/dmdbms/script/root/dm_service_installer.sh -t dmserver -p DMSERVERBAK -dm_ini /home/dmdba/dmdatabak/DAMENGBAK/dm.ini

备份数据库

/opt/dmdbms/bin/disql SYSDBA/'"Shingi@2023"'@localhost:5236 -e "BACKUP DATABASE FULL BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup/cs'"

还原数据库

/opt/dmdbms/bin/dmrman CTLSTMT="RESTORE DATABASE '/home/dmdba/dmdatabak/DAMENGBAK/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup/DB_DAMENG_FULL_2025_11_11_13_49_52'"

• 还原

/opt/dmdbms/bin/dmrman CTLSTMT="RECOVER DATABASE '/home/dmdba/dmdatabak/DAMENGBAK/dm.ini' WITH ARCHIVEDIR '/home/dmdba/backup'"

• 更新数据库db_magic

/opt/dmdbms/bin/dmrman CTLSTMT="RECOVER DATABASE '/home/dmdba/dmdatabak/DAMENGBAK/dm.ini' UPDATE DB_MAGIC";

• 启动备份实例

备份表空间

目前恢复会没有数据

备份

/opt/dmdbms/bin/disql SYSDBA/'"Shingi@2023"'@localhost:5236 -e "BACKUP TABLESPACE MAIN BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup/cs1'"

还原表空间

还原后数据没有恢复
恢复时需要指定 UNTIL TIME

select * from v$backupset;

• 校验备份集

/opt/dmdbms/bin/dmrman CTLSTMT="CHECK BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup/cs1'"

• 还原

/opt/dmdbms/bin/dmrman CTLSTMT="RESTORE DATABASE '/home/dmdba/dmdata/DAMENG/dm.ini' TABLESPACE MAIN FROM BACKUPSET '/home/dmdba/backup/cs1' "

• 恢复

/opt/dmdbms/bin/dmrman CTLSTMT="RECOVER DATABASE '/home/dmdba/dmdata/DAMENG/dm.ini' TABLESPACE MAIN WITH ARCHIVEDIR '/home/dmdba/backup/' "

BACKUP TABLESPACE CS backupname cs backupset 'cs1'

select backup_name,backup_path from v$backupset;

参考

• 备份脚本

#!/bin/bash
# 达梦数据库自动备份脚本
# 说明：备份文件按时间命名，自动清理14天前的旧备份

# === 基本配置 ===
BACKUP_DIR="/home/dmdba/backup"
TABLESPACE="ZCGL" # 表空间名称


# === 生成带时间戳的备份文件名 ===
TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
BACKUP_FILE="${BACKUP_DIR}/${TABLESPACE}_${TIMESTAMP}"

# === 执行数据库全备 ===
echo "[$(date '+%F %T')] 开始备份表空间${TABLESPACE}..."
/home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/disql SYSDBA/'"Shingi@2023"'@localhost:5236 -e "BACKUP TABLESPACE ${TABLESPACE} BACKUPSET '${BACKUP_FILE}'"
RETVAL=$?

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "[$(date '+%F %T')] ✅ 备份完成：${BACKUP_FILE}"
else
    echo "[$(date '+%F %T')] ❌ 备份失败！错误码：${RETVAL}"
    exit 1
fi

# === 自动清理14天前的旧备份 ===
echo "[$(date '+%F %T')] 清理14天前的旧备份..."
find "${BACKUP_DIR}" -type f -name "$TABLESPACE_*" -mtime +14 -exec rm -f {} \;

echo "[$(date '+%F %T')] ✅ 旧备份清理完成"

数据库备份需要先将数据库进行归档设置
然后设置备份

归档

SQL> alter database mount;
SQL> alter database add archivelog 'type=local,dest=归档目标,file_size=64,space_limit=0';
归档目标 : 数据存储目录（.DBF 所在目录） 例：/home/dmdba/dmdata/DAMENG
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> select name,status$，arch_mode from v$database;
select NAME from v$archived_log;

全备

SQL> backup database full backupset '/dm7/backup/full_bak';

/dm7/backup/full_bak : 备份存储目录（需要dmddba:dinstall 权限）

DM8老版恢复

重启服务
数据库处于mount状态，手动open
SQL> restore tablespace zfw_ww_2 from backupset '/home/dmdba/dmdata/DAMENG/bak/DB_DAMENG_FULL_2021_06_09_10_56_19';
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> alter tablespace zfw_ww_2 online;

select NAME from v$archived_log;

alter database mount;
alter database add archivelog 'type=local,dest=/home/dmdba/backup,file_size=64,space_limit=0';
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
select name,status$，arch_mode from v$database;
select NAME from v$archived_log;